Recent work demonstrated the presence of a sex pheromone gland associated with the rectum of the male Queensland fruit fly, Dacus tryotni (Froggatt), which produced substances attractive to female files. Similar rectal gland complexes, which are described, also are present in at least 2 other species of male tephritids, the oriental fruit fly, D. dorsalis Hendel, and the olive fruit fly, D. oleae (Gmelin), which correspond closely in their anatomical and histological makeup to that described for D. tryoni. The gland consists of a reservoir occupying the right lateral posterior one-third of the rectal sac, and a small bulbular secretary sac opening into the reservoir at its base. Both structures are lined by folded layers of large epithelial cells. In a 3rd species, the melon fly, D. cucurbitae Coquillett, a rectal gland also is present, hut is situated ventro-laterally off of the rectal sac. It forms a distinct chamber connected to the rectal sac but remains separated from the lumen of this structure by bands of longitudinal and circular muscles. Internally, the epithelial lining consists of large epithelial cells greatly folded upon one another.