Photosynthetic reaction center of green sulfur bacteria studied by EPR

Abstract

Membrane preparations of two species of the green sulfur bacteria Chlorobium [chlorobium limicola f. thiosulfatophilum and C phaeobacteroides] have been studied by EPR. Three signals were detected which were attributed to iron-sulfur centers acting as electron acceptors in the photosynthetic reaction center. (1) A signal from a center designated FB, (gz = 2.07, gy = 1.91 gx = 1.86) was photoinduced at 4 K. (2) A similar signal, FA (gz = 2.05, gy = 1.94, gx = 1.88), was photoinduced in addition to the FB signal upon a short period of illumination at 200 K. (3) Further illumination at 200 K resulted in the appearance of a broad feature at g = 1.78. This is attributed to the gx component of an iron-sulfur center designated Fx. The designations of these signals as FB, FA, and FX are based on their spectroscopic similarities to signals in photosystem I (PS I). The orientation dependence of these EPR signals in ordered Chlorobium membrane multilayers is remarkably similar to that of their PS I homologues. A magnetic interaction between the reduced forms of FB and FA occurs, which is also very similar to that seen in PS I. However, in contrast to the situation in PS I, FA and FB cannot be chemically reduced by sodium dithionite at pH 11. This indicates redox potentials for FA and FB which are lower by at least 150 mV than their PS I counterparts. The triplet state of P840, the primary electron donor, could be photoinduced at 4 K in samples which had been preincubated with sodium dithionite and methyl viologen and then preilluminated at 200 K. The preillumination reduces the iron-sulfur centers while the preincubation is thought to result in the inactivation of an earlier electron acceptor, possibly the double reduction of a quinone which could occur at potentials higher than those associated with its functional one-electron couple. Orientation studies of the triplet signal in ordered multilayers indicate that the bacteriochlorophylls which act as the primary electron donor in Chlorobium are arranged with a structural geometry almost identical with that of the special pair in purple bacteria. The Chlorobium reaction center appears to be similar in some respects to both PS I and to the purple bacterial reaction center. This is discussed with regard to the evolution of the different types of reaction centers from a common ancestor. This has significance to the current understanding of the structure of the PS I reaction center.