Extreme ecosystems and geosystems in the Canadian High Arctic: Ward Hunt Island and vicinity
- 1 September 2011
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Taylor & Francis in Écoscience
- Vol. 18 (3), 236-261
- https://doi.org/10.2980/18-3-3448
Abstract
Global circulation models predict that the strongest and most rapid effects of global warming will take place at the highest latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. Consistent with this prediction, the Ward Hunt Island region at the northern terrestrial limit of Arctic Canada is experiencing the onset of major environmental changes. This article provides a synthesis of research including new observations on the diverse geosystems/ecosystems of this coastal region of northern Ellesmere Island that extends to latitude 83.11° N (Cape Aldrich). The climate is extreme, with an average annual air temperature of -17.2 °C, similar to Antarctic regions such as the McMurdo Dry Valleys. The region is geologically distinct (the Pearya Terrane) and contains steep mountainous terrain intersected by deep fiords and fluvial valleys. Numerous glaciers flow into the valleys, fiords, and bays, and thick multi-year sea ice and ice shelves occur along the coast. These extreme ice features are currently undergoing rapi... Résumé : Les modèles climatiques globaux prévoient que le réchauffement du climat aura des effets plus prononcés et plus rapides aux latitudes les plus élevées de l'Hémisphère Nord. En accord avec cette prédiction, la région de l'île de Ward Hunt à la limite septentrionale terrestre de l'Arctique canadien subit en ce moment le début de changements environnementaux majeurs. Cet article est une synthèse des recherches incluant de nouvelles observations sur les différents géosystèmes/écosystèmes de cette région côtière du nord de l'île d'Ellesmere qui atteint la latitude de 83,11° N (cap Aldrich). Le climat y est extrême avec une température moyenne annuelle de l'air de -17,2 °C, similaire à celle de régions antarctiques comme les vallées sèches de McMurdo. La région est distincte du point de vue de la géologie (le terrane Pearya), elle est constituée de montagnes escarpées entrecoupées de profonds fjords et vallées fluviales. De nombreux glaciers s'écoulent vers les vallées, les fjords et les baies et l'on ...Keywords
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