Involvement of nitric oxide–cGMP pathway in the antidepressant-like effects of adenosine in the forced swimming test

Abstract

We have previously shown that an acute administration of adenosine produces an antidepressant-like effect in the forced swimming test (FST) and in the tail suspension test in mice. In this work we investigated the contribution of the nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway to adenosine's antidepressant-like effect in the FST since this signalling pathway is assumed to play an important role in depression. The effect of adenosine (10 mg/kg i.p.) was prevented by pre-treatment with l-arginine (750 mg/kg i.p.), S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP, 25 µg/site i.c.v), or sildenafil (5 mg/kg i.p.), but not with d-arginine (750 mg/kg i.p.). Treatment of mice with N^G-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA, 0.03 and 0.3 mg/kg i.p.), Methylene Blue (18 mg/kg i.p.), or ODQ (30 pmol/site i.c.v.) potentiated the effect of adenosine (1 mg/kg i.p.) in the FST. The reduction of immobility time elicited by adenosine (10 mg/kg i.p.) in the FST was prevented by pre-treatment with sildenafil (0.5 and 5 mg/kg i.p.). Together the results indicate that the effect of adenosine in the FST appears to be mediated through an interaction with the NO-cGMP pathway.