On the Aggregation of Tin in SnO Composite Glasses Caused by the Reversible Reaction with Lithium

Abstract

We show that the reaction mechanism in , and Li/SnO cells is common. During the first discharge, the oxygen bonded to tin (as SnO) reacts with lithium to give metallic tin (which can be present as clusters of a few atoms) and lithia. The tin reacts with further lithium to the composition limit of . During charge the Li is removed from the lithium‐tin alloy. The other components of the glass are inert with respect to lithium, and we call the atoms which make up these phases “spectator atoms.” Using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical methods, we show that size of the initial tin regions which form is inversely proportional to the spectator:Sn atom ratio. However, during cycling, all of these materials show the subsequent aggregation of the tin atoms into clusters which grow with cycle number until they reach a saturated size. The final cluster size is larger for materials with smaller X:Sn ratio. We propose a speculative model, which predicts the saturated Sn cluster size, as a function of the spectator:Sn ratio. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.