The influence of substrate bias upon the AC characteristics of MOS transistors

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Abstract
In applications where MOS transistors are used in the "variable-resistor" region, it is often useful to bias the bulk with respect to the source in order to control the dc value of the channel resistance. What this biasing of the substrate means for the small signal coefficients--the mutual conductance and the amplification factor--is calculated, and agreement between calculated and measured values is shown.