Metabolism of biliary steroids by human fecal flora

Abstract

Biliary excreted steroid hormones are metabolized by the intestinal flora. The metabolic pathways of deoxycorticosterone and progesterone, including the bacterial species involved, have been established. The pathways for other biliary steroids are unknown. Information on the biological activities of the metabolites is lacking, but methods for their investigation are now available. Evidence suggests that the formation of the metabolites is influenced by dietary habits, and that, in some cases, it may be controlled by suppression of the responsible bacteria.