A review has been made of 519 patients with craniosynostosis operated upon at The Children's Hospital Medical Center from 1930 through 1966. The mortality rate was 0.39% and the overall morbidity rate was 14%. Lasting undesirable sequelae occurred in only 0.58%. Operation is carried out primarily for cosmetic purposes with the realization that by thus allowing the brain to resume its normal shape the possibility of any brain damage, local or general, has been minimized. Surgical technique is outlined. The frequency of the various combinations of suture closure, associated congenital abnormalities, familial incidence, occurrence of increased intracranial pressure, and the presence of a patent anterior fontanelle are indicated. The importance of partial involvement of a suture in the diagnosis and apparent progression of the condition is noted.