Four-quadrant CMOS analogue multiplier

Abstract
A novel two-signal four-quadrant analogue voltage multiplier has been built in CMOS technology. This multiplier relies on the quadratic current/voltage characteristics of MOS transistors in saturation and combines them with switched-capacitor-type voltage dividers and charge transfer circuits to achieve accurate voltage multiplications with low offsets and large dynamic ranges up to several volts throughout the audio frequency range.