Pinocytosis and intracellular digestion of 125I-labelled haemoglobin by trophoblastic cells in tissue culture in the presence and absence of serum

Abstract

One aspect of human placental function which has not hitherto been studied is the ability of the placenta to digest proteins intracellularly and use the products of hydrolysis to supply its own and foetal needs for nutrition and protein synthesis. Placental lysosomes have a full complement of hydrolytic enzymes, including the acid proteases cathepsin C and D. We have used trophoblast cells in monolayer tissue culture as a model for the study of endocytosis and intracellular digestion of ¹²⁵I-haemoglobin. The normal use of serum in tissue culture medium has shown up differences from the pattern observed with other phagocytic cells such as macrophages, in that serum allows endocytosis but prevents intracellular digestion ¹²⁵I- haemoglobin. Replacement of serum by lactalbumin hydrolysate enables both endocytosis and intracellular digestion of ¹²⁵I-haemoglobin to occur as in other phagocytic cells. Digestion is followed by release into the medium of acid-soluble, lower-molecular-weight compounds. The reasons for this major difference between trophoblast and other cells are discussed in the light of our results and their possible relevance to placental function.