During the past twenty years the treatment of scarlet fever has been radically changed by new technics which have become available. Three types of therapy are now possible: (1) chemotherapy with sulfonamide compounds; (2) administration of commercial antitoxin, and (3) administration of convalescent serum. An analysis of these various therapeutic measures is pertinent if the serious effects of this disease are to be combated successfully. In 1940, Fox and Hardgrove1 compared azosulfamide (disodium 4-sulfamidophenyl-2'azo-7'-acetylamino-1' - hydroxynaphthalene-3',6' disulfonate) with convalescent serum for the therapy of scarlet fever. It was demonstrated that this sulfonamide compound had no appreciable effect on the syndrome caused by the erythrogenic toxin, whereas the convalescent serum produced an immediate response. Azosulfamide was of value in treating specific complications, such as streptococcemia, meningitis and surgically inaccessible foci but was of no value for the toxic phase or type of the disease. French2 noted similar results in a well