New inventory for measurement of parental rearing patterns: AN ENGLISH FORM OF THE EMBU

Abstract

Despite the importance of measurement of parental rearing patterns in psychiatric research, there are almost no acceptable standardized inventories available. An English-language version of the Swedish EMBU [Own Memories of Child Rearing Experiences] Inventory is presented, which has subscales measuring the degree to which each parent was abusive, depriving, punitive, shaming, rejecting, overprotective, overinvolved, tolerant, affectionate, performance-oriented, guilt-engendering, stimulating, favored siblings and favored the subject. High and comparable reliability and item-scle correlations in the English version and a similar factor structure were indicated. Evidently, the EMBU has both cross-cultural reliability and stable structure in the English translation.