Application of simulated annealing to design of serial feed sequentially rotated 2 × 2 antenna array

Abstract
A 5.8 GHz circularly polarised 2 × 2 patch antenna array is presented, employing sequential rotation of dual-feed circularly polarised elements; appropriate phase-shifting and power splitting are achieved via a serial feed arrangement. The feed has been optimised using simulated annealing; the resulting structure has a voltage standing wave ratio 2:1 bandwidth of 9.8%. Results obtained by full wave simulation and practical measurement confirm the integrity of the design.