Biology of the Lone Star Tick in the Laboratory1

Abstract
The lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum, can be successfully reared in quantity in the laboratory on rabbits. In this expt. 73% of the larvae and 80% of the numphs successfully engorged on this host. A modification of the capsule method is utilized for infesting the animal. Two 1/4-inch holes are drilled in the cover of the tin pillbox used as a capsule; over one of these a piece of stainless steel 100-mesh wire cloth is soldered to permit air circulation and prevent moisture condensation. The other hole is used for introducing the unengorged ticks. To facilitate handling, CO2 is used for quick anesthetizing of the active stages of the ticks. The ticks are stored in a special tube consisting of soft glass tubing, 5 inches in length, into the bottom of which is inserted a piece of cork through which a hole has been drilled, the hole be''ing covered with stainless steel, 100-mesh wire cloth. The atmosphere is kept humid by placing one end of a cotton wick in distilled water, while the other end makes contact with the cork. The open end of the glass tube is plugged with absorbent cotton. A temp, of 30 C and a relative humidity of 85-100% is closest to the optimum for the engorged larvae and engorged nymphs. The avg. life cycle at 30 C is as follows: The female lays 3,500 eggs, incubation period 25 days, larvae engorge in 4-5 days, molt on the 10th day, nymphs engorge in 5 days, adults emerge after 16 days. The fertilized female engorges on the 13th day after attachment, and begins oviposition 7 days later. The avg. time to complete a generation is 81 days. In laboratory practice 2 weeks are allowed between hatching or molting and reinfestation. Thus, in practice, the complete life cycle averages approx. 4 months.