Abstract
Electrostatic Transmitter of Constant Sensitivity.—(1) Characteristics. This instrument is the same in principle as that described in 1917, but certain changes have been made which, as proved by actual tests, render the sensitivity independent of changes of temperature, pressure and humidity. The sensitivity is also found to be constant over a long period of time. By means of a piston-phone and a thermophone, for which corrected formulæ are available, both the absolute sensitivity and phase lag were determined for frequencies of from 10 to 12,000 cycles. Eight transmitters similarly constructed give the same curves within 20 per cent. With a steel diaphragm 0.0051 cm. thick having a natural frequency of 7.000 cycles, and with an air gap of 0.0025 cm., the mean sensitivity is about 0.35 millivolt/dyne. (2) Use with an amplifier for measurement of sound intensity. Combined with an amplifier of ordinary design the instrument has an over-all sensitivity which is practically uniform from 25 to 8,000 cycles. It is therefore remarkably well adapted for the measurement of the intensities of complex tones and tones of changing pitch and for use with an oscillograph for recording sound waves. On the other hand, if sounds of a definite pitch are to be measured, the apparatus can be made highly selective and almost any desired sensitivity can be obtained by using a tuned amplifier in connection with a vibration galvanometer.