Implications of the Intermediate Boson Basis of the Weak Interactions: Existence of a Quartet of Intermediate Bosons and Their Dual Isotopic Spin Transformation Properties

Abstract

Assuming that all weak interactions are transmitted through an intermediate boson field $W$, it is shown that the observed $\left|\Delta \mathrm{I}\right|=\frac{1}{2}$ rule and the small observed mass difference between $K_1$ and $K_2$ lead to the conclusion that there exist four $W$ particles: $W^{\pm }$, $W^0$, and ${\overline{W}}^0$. Furthermore, a natural assignment of the isotopic spin transformation property of these $W$ particles follows a dual scheme in which the $W\text{'}\mathrm{s}$ behave sometimes as $I=\frac{1}{2}$ and sometimes as $I=1\mathrm{}$ particles. Various experimental implications are discussed, including neutrino capture experiments, strong collisions exhibiting apparent nonconservation of strangeness, and strong collisions with apparent lepton production.