After a brief historical outline on hysteroscopy a newly developed hysteroscope is introduced. A discussion of its optical efficiency is followed by a report on possibilities of examination by means of the endoscopic method of the uterine cavity in about 100 women. According to the phase of cycle typical pictures of the endometrium are recognizable. Pathological pictures of the mucous reveal possibilities of causes of sterility and abortions. At the same time myomas and carcinomas may be diagnosed.