Lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate ceramic wafer–based electro-optic dynamic diverging lens

Abstract

We present a lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) ceramic wafer–based electro-optic dynamic diverging lens. A quadratic refractive-index modulation is induced by application of a linearly changing electrical field inside a flat PLZT wafer. The design offers a simple and compact structure that produces a smooth phase modulation distribution. A fabricated dynamic lens of 2 mm × 2 mm demonstrates a continuous variable focal length from infinity with no applied voltage to negative 0.77 m with a voltage of 400 V.