Airborne transmissions of primary pulmonary tuberculosis have been well substantiated by many experimental animal and controlled pilot ward studies. However, analysis of few spontaneous human tuberculosis outbreaks have been able to substantiate this mode of transmission. In 1959 an outbreak of tuberculosis which occurred in the U.S. Navy offered an excellent opportunity for intensive and directed investigation of tuberculosis in a restricted community. Within an 18-month period, 62 of the ship's 236-man complement acquired tuberculosis. Serial tuberculin and roentgenographic studies were employed in following the course of the tuberculosis outbreak. The primary significance of airborne infection in the absence of an open case, and the efficacy of extensive decontamination were well demonstrated.