Enzymes as versatile labels and signal amplifiers for monitoring immunochemical reactions
- 1 January 1982
- journal article
- Published by Springer Nature in Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
- Vol. 44 (1), 3-12
- https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00573840
Abstract
Enzymes have proven to be sensitive and versatile labels for immunochemical assays. The sensitivity of an enzyme label stems from its extraordinary catalytic power which in turn provides a great amplification of signals. Its versatility, however, stems from the fact that enzyme activity can be modulated by a number of substances. Enzyme labeled immunoassays can be divided into two categories: (a) heterogeneous and (b) homogeneous (non-separation). In the heterogeneous systems, the quantitation of the antibody bound and unbound fractions requires a physical separation of these two fractions, whereas the homogeneous or non-separation systems do not require such a separation. In the homogeneous systems, the unbound and antibody bound fractions can be distinguished functionally. A total of 11 unique principles used in the development of enzyme labeled immunoassays are described. The advantages, disadvantages and limitations of them are considered, as well as the future paths for research and developments.Keywords
This publication has 63 references indexed in Scilit:
- New approach to heterogeneous enzyme immunoassays using tagged enzyme-ligand conjugatesBiochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1981
- Enzyme modulators as tools for the development of homogeneous enzyme immunoassaysFEBS Letters, 1980
- An enzyme immunoassay system for measurement of serum insulinMolecular Immunology, 1980
- Highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay of rabbit (anti-human IgG) IgG using human IgG-β-D-galactosidase conjugateFEBS Letters, 1980
- A competitive enzyme‐immunoassay using labelled antibodyFEBS Letters, 1978
- “Homogeneous” enzyme immunoassay. A new immunochemical techniqueBiochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1972
- Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) quantitative assay of immunoglobulin GImmunochemistry, 1971
- Kinetic behavior of a two-enzyme membrane carrying out a consecutive set of reactionsJournal of Theoretical Biology, 1971
- Immunoassay using antigen—enzyme conjugatesFEBS Letters, 1971
- IMMUNOASSAY OF ENDOGENOUS PLASMA INSULIN IN MANJCI Insight, 1960