Teichoic Acid Antibodies in Chronic Staphylococcal Osteomyelitis

Abstract

Gel-diffusion and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to quantify and to identify the immunoglobulin [Ig] class of teichoic acid antibodies in patients with chronic staphylococcal osteomyelitis and a wide variety of other infections. Teichoic acid antibodies were identified by gel-diffusion in 14 of 23 patients with staphylococcal endocarditis, 6 of 30 with staphylococcal bacteremia without endocarditis, 4 of 35 with staphylococcal skeletal infections, and 1 of 45 with nonstaphylococcal infections. None of the 20 patients with chronic staphylococcal osteomyelitis had positive gel-diffusion assays, even though many had their infections for several years. The ELISA method was more sensitive than gel-diffusion in measuring teichoic acid antibodies, but was also much less specific. Teichoic acid antibodies were detected predominantly in the IgG fraction of serum. The presence and degree of antigenemia may be more important than the duration of the staphylococcal infection in stimulating production of teichoic acid antibodies.