Dactylopterus volitans, the so-called “flying gurnard,” is not included by Günther in the genus Triglidæ, as its name might imply, but is assigned to the small allied family of Cataphracti.Günther diagnoses it as follows :—“Dactylopterus, no lateral line, pectoral fins very large, an organ of flight, with the upper portion detached and shorter, granular teeth in the jaws, none on the palate, air bladder divided into two lateral halves, each with a large muscle.”Before proceeding to describe in detail the swimming bladder and other anatomical peculiarities, it may be well to state, that the skull is provided with a superficial bony covering which projects backwards over the region of the “shoulder” in two flattened plates, each terminating in a spine (seen in fig. 2). Also that the first four vertebræ of the column have coalesced so as to form a rigid tube, the neural spines being united as a vertical plate, which for convenience I have termed the neural plate.