Species Composition of Benthic Diatoms and Distribution of Chlorophyll a on an lntertidal Flat in the Dutch Wadden Sea

Abstract

A linear transect with 12 sampling points was sampled in a tidal estuarine environment during 1973 for chlorophyll a and pheophytin, and for species composition of epipelic diatoms. A gradual pattern in sediment from coarse to fine was found from the most seaward station towards the most landward station of the transect. Differences in station level gave emersion times of 37-67% of the tidal cycle. In the course of the year, fluctuations in chlorophyll a content (mg chlorophyll a m-2 in the top 2 cm of the sediment) appeared to be distinctly parallel at all stations. Mean yearly values differed widely from station to station, ranging between 20 and 100 mg chlorophyll a m-2. Chlorophyll a concentration was positively related to the amount of particles < 16 .mu.m in the sediment; this proportion was considered to relate negatively to the degree of exposure to currents and wave action. It is likely that low daily winter irradiances limited diatom growth. Heavy rain and strong wave action during storms suddenly reduced the chlorophyll a considerably. Species composition of epipelic benthic diatoms could be partly related to the sediment gradient and time of year. A total of 42 taxa were found. It seems that high biomass values are formed almost exclusively by single species which are indifferent in their spatial distribution.