Ephemerella ignita (Poda) occurs in most parts of the River Endrick in Scotland except the extreme lower reaches, especially among weed and stones where the current is strong. The life cycle is an annual one, the eggs lying dormant over winter to hatch in April and May. The larvae develop rapidly thereafter to emerge and lay eggs in July and Aug. The principal predators ?f this species in the Endrick system include several fishes, notably Salmon Salmo salar L.