Thermodynamics of complex formation in binary liquid mixtures: application to systems containing acetonitrile

Abstract

Equations for enthalpies and volumes of mixing are derived from thermodynamic association theory for complex binary liquid mixtures containing self-associating species and binary complexes. The various species can interact through general non-specific interactions of the simple mixture type.The equations, along with equations for the excess Gibbs energy, are applied to experimental data on excess Gibbs energies, heats, and volumes of mixing for the three binary systems formed from acetonitrile, carbon tetrachloride, and chloroform. The data require a theoretical model that involves two types of self-association of acetonitrile, one type of self-association of chloroform and formation of a binary complex CH₃CN•2CHCl₃. Thermodynamic parameters for the various types of association and interaction are derived by constrained least-squares methods, and provide a unified picture of the thermodynamic properties of these mixtures.