Aneurysm of the renal artery is a rare clinical and pathologic entity. Medical literature contains reports of only 74 cases. The first account of a case of "renal" aneurysm was published by Dr. Daniel Nebel1in 1719. For two and a quarter centuries this well known case of Nebel's has been incorrectly translated and misquoted. The patient was not a physician and did not have a renal aneurysm but suffered from an aortic aneurysm. Many of the earlier papers reveal incomplete case reports and do not warrant a clinical or pathologic diagnosis of renal aneurysm. Keen2in 1900 and Morris,3also in 1900, were the first to write more extensively on the subject. Summarizing articles were published by Vogeler4in 1922, Conroy5in 1923 and Gérard6in 1930. Mathé7in 1932 wrote an excellent review of the subject and tabulated 55 cases from