Fenofibric Acid, an Active Form of Fenofibrate, Increases Apolipoprotein A-I–Mediated High-Density Lipoprotein Biogenesis by Enhancing Transcription of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1 Gene in a Liver X Receptor–Dependent Manner

Abstract

Objective— Fibrates are widely used drugs to reduce plasma triglyceride and increase high-density lipoprotein. Their active forms, fibric acids, are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α activators, but no direct evidence has been demonstrated for their activation of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) in relation to clinically used fibrates. We investigated the reaction of fenofibric acid in this regard. Methods and Results— Fenofibric acid was examined for the effect of increase of ABCA1 activity. It enhanced ABCA1 gene transcription and its protein level in macrophage cell line cells and fibroblasts and increased apolipoprotein A-I–mediated cellular lipid release, all in a dose-dependent manner. Enhancement of the gene transcription was examined by using a reporter assay system for liver X receptor responsive element (LXRE) and its inactive mutant. The results demonstrated that the effect of fenofibric acid is dependent on active LXRE. Conclusions— Fenofibric acid increased transcription of ABCA1 gene in a liver X receptor–dependent manner.