Free-atom core binding energies from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy I. Zinc and cadmium

Abstract
Gas phase photoelectron spectra of zinc and cadmium have been obtained with AlKα radiation. The binding energies measured are: Zn2p1/2 (1052.3 eV), Zn2p3/2 (1029.1 eV), Cd3d3/2 (418.8 eV), and Cd3d5/2 (412.0 eV). Combining x‐ray emission data on the solid with free atom optical energy results gives binding energies in close agreement with our values. A decrease of 2.8 eV for Zn2p and 3.3 eV for Cd3d was found in going from the free atom to the metal. This difference is discussed in relation to the various calculations of extra atomic relaxation energies in solids.