Compared with men was 1.33 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06 to 1.67; P=.01) and for disease progression (including death) was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.82 to 1.15; P=.72). Women were at increased risk for bacterial pneumonia (RR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.92) and at reduced risk for the development of Kaposi's sarcoma (RR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.65) and oral hairy leukoplakia (RR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.94). The increased risk of death and bacterial pneumonia for women compared with men was primarily evident among those with a history of injection drug use (RR, 1.68 for death, 95% CI, 1.20 to 2.35, P=.003; RR, 1.53 for bacterial pneumonia, 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.29, P=.04). Among patients without a history of disease progression at entry, death was the first event reported for more women than men (27.5% vs 12.2%). Conclusions.\p=m-\Comparedwith men, HIV-infected women in the CPCRA were at increased risk of death but not disease progression. Risks of most incident op- portunistic diseases were similar for women and men; however, women were at an increased risk of bacterial pneumonia. These findings may reflect differential access to health care and standard treatments or different socioeconomic status and so- cial support for women compared with men.