Theory of Plasmon-Assisted Transmission of Entangled Photons

Abstract

The recent surface plasmon entanglement experiment [E. Altewischer et al., Nature (London) 418, 304 (2002)] is theoretically analyzed. The entanglement preservation upon transmission in the nonfocused case is found to provide information about the interaction of the biphoton and the metallic film. The entanglement degradation in the focused case is explained in the framework of a fully multimode model. This phenomenon is a consequence of the polarization-selective filtering behavior of the metallic nanostructured film. It is shown that the “which-way” labels that degrade entanglement are not located in the degrees of freedom of the metallic film but rather in the spatial degrees of freedom of the photon field.