The early detection of colorectal cancer

Abstract

A review of the American Cancer Society''s statistics for colorectal cancer indicates that there was little improvement in the survival rate for this disease in the past 25 yr. Although there were advances in surgical techniques, radiation therapy and chemotherapy, the key to improved survival rates is earlier diagnosis. A significant percentage of patients continues to present with regional or distal metastases at the time of their initial diagnosis. Procosigmoidoscopy and guaiac impregnated filter slide paper methods were productive in diagnosing this disease at an earlier stage. The Hemoccult test is inexpensive, can be used on a routine basis, is easier for patients to perform themselves and is aesthetically pleasing. It represents a significant cost savings compared to proctosigmoidoscopy and should be advocated for routine use in all patients over 40 yr of age. Although there continues to be a role for local and regional mass screening programs, significant improvements in colorectal survival rates can be expected until routine application of this type of screening is practiced.