On topological quotient maps preserved by pullbacks or products

Abstract

We are concerned with the category of topological spaces and continuous maps. A surjection f: X → Y in this category is called a quotient map if G is open in Y whenever f⁻¹G is open in X. Our purpose is to answer the following three questions:Question 1. For which continuous surjections f: X → Y is every pullback of f a quotient map?Question 2. For which continuous surjections f: X → Y is f × l_z: X × Z → Y × Z a quotient map for every topological space Z? (These include all those f answering to Question 1, since f × l_z is the pullback of f by the projection map Y ×Z → Y.)Question 3. For which topological spaces Z is f × 1_Z: X × Z → Y × Z a qiptoent map for every quotient map f?