Integumentary bloodvascular system in garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis and Thamnophis radix)

Abstract

Integumentary arteries in garter snakes are a continuation of intercostal arteries. They give rise to a complex network of conduits resembling in pattern the outline of scutes. The arrangement of integumentary veins approximates that for arteries; venous drainage occurs ventrally via the epigastric vein and laterally via intercostal and spinal veins. The return of blood via this latter route during basking is presumably associated with convective heat transfer to the spinal cord enhancing the potential speed of neuronal activity.