A fatal case of hemorrhage in an infant 10 weeks of age due to a bleeding duodenal ulcer is presented. The relative infrequency of duodenal ulcer in infancy is cited. The relationship to trauma and burns and to vascular, chemical and neurogenic theories are discussed. Diagnosis, including the use of roentgenograms, is presented. Hemorrhage is the only definite sign pointing to duodenal ulcer. After persistent vomiting, with or without blood, plus melena and the appearance of sudden collapse, the possibility of peptic ulcer should be considered.