Advanced Seminoma: The Role of Chemotherapy and Adjunctive Surgery

Abstract

Study Objective: To determine the effectiveness of chemotherapy and adjunctive surgery in managing patients with advanced seminoma. Design: Nonrandomized prospective clinical trial of chemotherapy in a cohort of patients with advanced seminoma. Setting: Referral cancer hospital. Patients: Consecutive sample of 62 patients with primary extragonadal, stage IIC (> 5-cm retroperitoneal adenopathy) and stage III seminoma; 45 patients were previously untreated, 13 had received radiotherapy, and 4 had previously received radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Intervention: Cisplatin-based chemotherapy (100 to 120 mg/m2 body surface area per cycle of treatment); 45 patients received vinblastine, bleomycin, cisplatin, dactinomycin, and cyclophosphamide; 15, etoposide and cisplatin; and 2, both regimens. Measurements and Main Results: Fifty-three of the sixty (88%) evaluable patients achieved a complete remission, and only 6 patients had relapses. Fifty-three of the sixty-two patients (85%) remain alive and disease-free. The regimen of etoposide and cisplatin was equivalent to regimens using more drugs. An elevated level of human chorionic gonadotropin at the initiation of treatment was associated with a worse prognosis. Conclusions: Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is effective treatment for patients with extragonadal, stage IIC, and stage III seminoma and should be considered as initial therapy.