Melanoma, Growth Factors, Acanthosis Nigricans, the Sign of Leser-Trélat, and Multiple Acrochordons

Abstract

CARCINOMAS have been associated with such paraneoplastic syndromes as skin-tumor growth, ectopic hormone production, arthropathies, myopathies, neuropathies, multiple thromboses, nephrosis, cachexia, and disseminated intravascular coagulation.¹ Cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes include acanthosis nigricans, the sign of Leser–Trélat (the sudden appearance of, or increase in the number and size of, seborrheic keratoses, in association with an internal malignant disease²), eruptive acrochordons (sudden onset of multiple skin tags), acquired ichthyosis, erythroderma, palmar hyperkeratosis, erythema gyratum repens, necrolytic migratory erythema, and Bazex's syndrome (symmetrical acral erythematous violaceous hyperkeratotic plaques involving the hands, feet, ears, nose, and more rarely, the cheeks, scalp, elbows, and knees, . . .