Logging and Wildfire Influence on Grizzly Bear Habitat in Northwestern Montana

Abstract
Vegetation was sampled on 330 sites known to be used by grizzly bears (Ursus arctos). The response to disturbance of 6 shrub species important as grizzly bear foods was determined by comparing their percent canopy cover on disturbed sites with that on undisturbed, old-growth sites. Overall, the canopy cover of these species was higher on sites burned by wildfire 35-70 years ago than on comparable old-growth sites. The canopy cover of these species was generally less on clearcut sites where the slash was bulldozer-piled than on burned sites. The shrub response on clearcut sites where slash was not treated was intermediate; some shrubs increased while others declined. Site treatment is at least partially responsible for this differential response; bulldozer-scarification apparently destroys the vegetative reproductive organs of these shrubs. Habitat use patterns of 4 radio-collared grizzly bears were studied in 1979. Grizzly bears preferred snowchutes, ridgetops, and creek bottoms during the spring; they preferred shrubfields, slabrock, ridgetops, and creek bottoms during the summer/fall. Cutting units and habitat affected by open, travelled roads were avoided throughout the active season. Cutting units used by grizzly bears were generally isolated from human disturbance factors and provided nearby cover (within 50 m) in the form of well-developed shrub strata, leave trees, and cutting unit boundaries.