Costs of Wintering Starlings and Red-Winged Blackbirds at Feedlots

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Abstract
The cost of cattle rations eaten by birds at feedlots near Denver, Colorado, during the wintering season was estimated to be about $"84.00 per 1000 starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) and $2.00 per 1000 red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoenicus).