Abstract
Computer simulation was used to investigate the probability of detecting genetic differences in fertility in small cohorts. In cohorts of size 200 which have the demographic characteristics of human females born in the USA in 1921-5, the probability is approximately 0.50 of detecting, by analysis of variance, either a 20% reduction in the monthly probability of conception or a 15-20% increase in the rate of fetal loss in the 1st mo. after conception. Consideration is given to the relative sensitivities of various observable measures of fertility to variation in underlying fertility components.