COMPARATIVE TRIAL OF COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY IN EXTENSIVE SQUAMOUS CARCINOMA OF LUNG - SOUTHWEST ONCOLOGY GROUP STUDY

Abstract

The Southwest Oncology Group did a comparative study of 2 combination chemotherapy regimens in 231 patients with extensive squamous carcinoma of the lung. One regimen consisted of bleomycin, adriamycin, CCNU [1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea], vincristine and mechlorethamine (BACON). The other involved mechlorethamine, adriamycin and CCNU (NAC) in the same dose and schedule but with the deletion of vincristine and bleomycin. The response rate was 21% for BACON and 16% for NAC. The median survival time (MST) was 16 wk for all patients receiving each regimen. Pretreatment performance status (PS) was significantly related to the response rates: these were 28% for BACON and 23% for NAC among fully ambulatory patients (PS, 8-10) vs 15% for BACON and 10% for NAC among those with a lesser PS (P < 0.05). Survival was also influenced by PS. The MST was 28 wk for PS 8-10 with either regimen compared to an overall MST of 11.5 wk for patients with PS 5-7 and 2.8 wk for PS 1-4. The toxicity of the 2 regimens was comparable with a 4% incidence of treatment-related deaths. An additional 10% of the patients were hospitalized because of life-threatening but reversible toxic effects. The only patients for whom there may be an improvement in MST over that expected from supportive care alone are those with PS 8-10. Patients who demonstrated response or improvement, regardless of PS, had a significantly longer MST: 39.5 vs 11.2 wk for those who did not respond (P = 0.001).