Effectiveness of a College Course Focused on Evaluation of Health Claims

Abstract

This study measured the effectiveness of a college course designed to instruct students to make critical evaluations of therapeutic claims for foods, nutrient supplements, weight-reduction products and diets, and alternative healthcare systems. Experimental and comparison groups were pretested and post-tested to determine changes in source reliance and cognitive learning. The experimental group received instruction in five cognitive areas: (1) health and nutrition quackery, (2) consumer protection, (3) basic concepts in health and nutrition, (4) nutritional supplements and health foods, and (5) conventional and unconventional treatment of chronic diseases. The experimental group scored significantly higher in all five conceptual areas on the posttest, and in each case scored significantly higher than the comparison group did. Both groups rated medical/scientific sources of health and nutrition information as highly accurate during the two survey periods. The experimental group showed a change in source reliance, moving from dependence on the popular print media and individuals without formal education in a health field to medical/scientific sources, whereas the comparison group continued to use the popular press and electronic media. Findings suggest that a source targeted to the needs and interests of a specific group can bring about significant increases in knowledge gain and desirable changes in source reliance.