Patterns of Growth and Nutrition in Childhood

Abstract

Anthropometric data from three groups of children have been analyzed and similar patterns among the parameters were found in all groups. Bony growth and muscle growth are correlated, whereas subcutaneous fat varies independently. Hypotheses to explain these findings are proposed and tested on the data. They are 1) the level of effective protein intake, that is, the protein available after the needs for energy have been met, is the principal factor controlling growth in height and of muscle bulk; 2) the level of calorie intake is the principal factor controlling the amount of subcutaneous fat; and 3) genetic factors set a ceiling on height growth, but become effective only when nutritional and other factors have reached an optimal level. It is suggested that the level of protein and calorie nutrition of children may be estimated by the various anthropometric parameters.