Echocardiographic dimensions in athletes in relation to their training programs

Abstract

Cardiac dimensions of long-distance runners (LDR), cycle racers (CR), and weight lifters (WL) [all men] were determined echocardiographically and were compared to those of control subjects (CS). Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was also assessed from the ECG. Training information was obtained through a questionnaire. Maximal aerobic performance was assessed on a cycle ergometer. Comparison of the cardiac dimensions revealed that left ventricular mass (LVmass) was significantly increased in LDR and CR as compared to CS. This resulted from thickening of the interventricular septum and left ventricular posterior wall and from enlargement of the left ventricular internal diameter. Existence of LVH was confirmed by ECG investigation. Although the left ventricular wall was enlarged in WL, their LVmass was not significantly increased as compared to CS. Results are in agreement with the training program followed. Weight lifters almost exclusively performed strength training, while LDR and CR were mainly involved in endurance training. LDR and CR reached significantly higher maximal aerobic performance levels than WL. Results suggest a close relationship between the type of cardiac enlargement and the training program followed by the athletes.