42,000-molecular weight EGF receptor has protein kinase activity

Abstract

The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and other growth factor receptors have been shown to possess tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity. Before the demonstration of kinase activity in growth factor receptors, tyrosine kinases of molecular weight (MW) 60,000 (60K) were found to be encoded by the src oncogene and other oncogenes related to src. Our earlier work on intracellular processing of the EGF receptor, a 170,000-MW polypeptide, provided evidence for proteolytic separation of well defined structural domains, and suggested to us the possibility of separating functional domains by limited proteolysis. The isolation of such kinase domains should facilitate comparison of the receptor/kinase with other well characterized kinases including those of oncogene origin. We report here the identification of a catalytically functional 42K kinase derived proteolytically from the isolated human EGF receptor. This fragment, comparable in size to pp60src, carries the kinase ATP-binding site, and functions catalytically even after detachment from the EGF-binding site and the major autophosphorylation region.