Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin and Cisplatin Chemotherapy for Patients with Locally Advanced Urothelial Tumors with or without Nodal Metastases

Abstract

Thirty-eight patients with primary urothelial tumors recurring in the pelvis or nodal presentation were treated with i.v. or intra-arterial cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and cisplatin chemotherapy. The 38 patients were selected owing to unresectability by local criteria (12 patients) or by virtue of nodal metastases (26 patients). Histologically, the patients either had pure transitional cell carcinoma (29), transformation to a histological subtype of transitional cell carcinoma (7) or pure squamous cell carcinoma (2). An over-all 50% complete remission rate was achieved with an 18% objective pelvic response rate, and 32% failed to respond to chemotherapy. Responses by histological subtype revealed that patients with pure transitional cell carcinoma had a 62% complete remission rate, those with transitional forms had a 14% complete remission rate and none with squamous cell carcinoma responded to chemotherapy. A significant difference in the incidence of responses among patients with transitional carcinoma and those with transition forms was seen (P < 0.02). Complete remissions were independent of disease site. Nineteen patients achieved a complete remission with a mean duration of 86 wk and median of 81 wk (range 33-172 wk). Toxicity of the chemotherapy was moderate with a high incidence of peripheral neuropathy and leukopenic infections. No deaths of chemotherapy were encountered. Patients with locally advanced or metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium to lymph nodes can benefit from intravenous and intra-arterial cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and cisplatin chemotherapy.