The dynamics of thin-sheets of fluid. I. Water bells

Abstract

A simple solution of the equations representing the shape of an axially symmetric sheet of fluid is given. The shapes so calculated are compared with photographs of a ‘ water bell5 produced by placing a plane or conical obstruction in the centre of a jet of water. The effect of air friction is evident in one of the photographs, and calculation, using a formula due to Howarth, shows that it should have been expected, though previous discussions of water bells have assumed it negligible.