Ion distribution patterns in stationary state systems

Abstract

The distribution of ions between two homogeneous phases separated by a permeable barrier has been studied when the transfer system is in a stationary state of the first order resulting from a constant flow of water through the barrier. As predicted by a general theory of material transfer through a barrier, outlined in the preceding paper, it was found that the logarithm of the concentration ratio of ion pairs in the phases adjoining the barrier was nearly proportional to the flow of water through the barrier. Also, as predicted, it was found that the ratio of the logarithms of the concentration ratios of two pairs of ion pairs was quasi-invariant and independent of the flow rate of water when the system contained two or more salts. The numerical value of the quasi-invariant ratios, characteristic of stationary states produced by a flow of water, was approximately equal to the inverse ratio of the diffusion coefficients in water of the two salts comprising the ion pairs.