Measurements of Photon Correlations in a Laser Beam near Threshold with Time-to-Amplitude Converter Techniques

Abstract

A procedure for the measurement of intensity correlations of the type $〈:\hat{I}(\mathrm{x}, t)\hat{I}(\mathrm{x}, t+\tau ):〉$ and $〈:\hat{I}(\mathrm{x}, t)\times \hat{I}(\mathrm{x}, t+{\tau }_1)\hat{I}(\mathrm{x}, t+{\tau }_2):〉$ with the use of a time-to-amplitude converter is developed. The procedure is used to measure second- and third-order intensity fluctuation correlation functions of the optical field produced by a gas laser operated at various levels near its threshold of oscillation. The results are shown to be in agreement with the predictions of laser theories.