Feeding deterrency of some pyrrolizidine, indolizidine, and quinolizidine alkaloids towards pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) and evidence for phloem transport of indolizidine alkaloid swainsonine

Abstract

The feeding deterrency of a series of pyrrolizidine, indolizidine, and quinolizidine alkaloids and selected derivatives was measured against the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris). The indolizidine alkaloid, castanospermine, was intensely active (ED₅₀, 20 ppm) as were the quinolizidine alkaloids, but only modest feeding deterrency was observed with most of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids tested. The insect survival rate of aphids on a castanospermine-supplemented diet over 24 hr was also very low relative to the controls. Castanospermine does not inhibit aphid trehalase. The indolizidine alkaloid swainsonine occurred in the honeydew of pea aphid feeding on the locoweed,Astragalus lentiginosus. Since the pea aphid is a phloem feeder, swainsonine must be transported in the phloem.