Applications of glycosyltransferases in the site-specific conjugation of biomolecules and the development of a targeted drug delivery system and contrast agents for MRI

Abstract

Background: The delivery of drugs to the proposed site of action is a challenging task. Tissue and cell-specific guiding molecules are being used to carry a cargo of therapeutic molecules. The cargo molecules need to be conjugated in a site-specific manner to the therapeutic molecules such that the bioefficacy of these molecules is not compromised. Methods: Using wild-type and mutant glycosyltransferases, the sugar moiety with a unique chemical handle is incorporated at a specific site in the cargo or therapeutic molecules, making it possible to conjugate these molecules through the chemical handle present on the modified glycan. Results/conclusions: The modified glycan residues introduced at specific sites on the cargo molecule make it possible to conjugate fluorophores for ELISA-based assays, radionuclides for imaging and immunotherapy applications, lipids for the assembly of immunoliposomes, cytotoxic drugs, cytokines, or toxins for antibody-based cancer therapy and the development of a targeted drug delivery system.